Appendix to Chapter 9

Cittas which are accompanied by viriya

The cittas which are accompanied by viriya are: all akusala cittas and all sobhana cittas, which include sobhana cittas of the sense-sphere, rūpāvacara cittas, arūpāvacara cittas and lokuttara cittas. Moreover, out of the eighteen types of ahetuka cittas there are two types which are accompanied by viriya: the mano-dvārāvajjana-citta which in the sense-door process performs the function of determining the object (votthapana) and in the mind-door process the function of adverting to the object, and the hasituppāda-citta which causes smiling in the case of arahats. The other sixteen types of ahetuka cittas are not accompanied by viriya. Thus, 16 types of citta out of 89 cittas are not accompanied by viriya. Altogether there are 73 types of citta accompanied by viriya.

The paṭisandhi-citta, the bhavanga-citta and the cuti-citta are not accompanied by viriya if their functions are performed by santīraṇa-citta (two types, one kusala vipāka and one akusala vipāka)(227). If their functions are performed by mahā-vipākacitta they are accompanied by viriya.

Summarizing the cittas which are accompanied by viriya, they are:

• 12 akusala cittas

• 2 ahetuka cittas

• 8 mahā- kusala cittas

• 8 mahā-vipākacittas

• 8 mahā-kiriyacittas

• 5 rūpāvacara kusala cittas

• 5 rūpāvacara vipākacittas

• 5 rūpāvacara kiriyacittas

• 4 arūpāvacara kusala cittas

• 4 arūpāvacara vipākacittas

• 4 arūpāvacara kiriyacittas

• 8 lokuttara cittas

—altogether: 73

When lokuttara cittas accompanied by the jhānafactors of the different stages of jhāna are taken into account, there are forty lokuttara cittas instead of eight; thus, in that case there are hundred-and-five cittas accompanied by viriya.