# Pali Glossary * **akusala** unwholesome, unskilful * **anattā** not self * **anumodhanā** thanksgiving, appreciation of someone else’s kusala * **arahat** noble person who has attained the fourth and last stage of enlightenment * **Buddha** a fully enlightened person who has discovered the truth all by himself, without the aid of a teacher * **citta** consciousness the reality which knows or cognizes an object * **dhamma** reality, truth, the teaching * **dukkha** suffering, unsatisfactoriness of conditioned realities * **jhāna** absorption which can be attained through the development of calm * **kamma** intention or volition; deed motivated by volition * **kasiṇa** disk, used as an object for the development of calm * **khandhas** aggregates of conditioned realities classified as five groups: physical phenomena, feelings, perception or remembrance, activities or formations (cetasikas other than feeling or perception), consciousness. * **kusala** wholesome, skilful * **lokuttara citta** supramundane citta which experiences nibbāna * **nāma** mental phenomena,including those which are conditioned and also the unconditioned nāma which is nibbāna. * **nibbāna** unconditioned reality, the reality which does not arise and fall away. The destruction of lust, hatred and delusion. The deathless. The end of suffering * **rūpa** physical phenomena, realities which do not experience anything * **samatha** the development of calm * **satipaṭṭhāna** applicatioms of mindfulness. It can mean the cetasika sati which is aware of realities or the objects of mindfulness which are classified as four applications of mindfulness: Body, Feeling Citta, Dhamma. Or it can mean the development of direct understanding of realities through awareness. * **sīla** morality in action or speech, virtue * **Tathāgata** literally “thus gone”, epithet of the Buddha * **Tipiṭaka** the teachings of the Buddha * **vipassanā** wisdom which sees realities as they are --- # Agent Instructions: Querying This Documentation If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question. Perform an HTTP GET request on the current page URL with the `ask` query parameter: ``` GET https://zolag-2.gitbook.io/the-buddha-s-path/pali_glossary.md?ask= ``` The question should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language. The response will contain a direct answer to the question and relevant excerpts and sources from the documentation. Use this mechanism when the answer is not explicitly present in the current page, you need clarification or additional context, or you want to retrieve related documentation sections.