# Pali Glossary

**abhaya dāna** the giving of freedom from fear

**abhāya** freedom from fear or danger.

**Abhidhamma** the higher teachings of Buddhism, teachings on ultimate realities

**Abhidhammattha Sangaha**, an Encyclopedia of the Abhidhamma, written by Anuruddha between the 8th and the 12th century A.D.

**abhijjā** covetousness

**abhiññā**, supernormal powers.

**abhisaṅkhāra** kammic activity giving preponderance in the conditioning of rebirth

**adhimāna** over-estimating conceit

**adhimokkha** determination or resolution

**adhipatis** “forerunners” of the arising of the ariyan eightfold Path:

**adiṭṭhāna** determination

**adosa** non aversion

**adukkhamasukha** neutral feeling

**āhāra-paccaya** nutriment-condition

**ahetuka cittas** not accompanied by “beautiful roots” or unwholesome roots

**ahetuka kiriyacitta** inoperative citta without root

**ahetuka-diṭṭhi** The view that here are no causes (in happening)

**ahirika** shamelessness

**ājīva-duccarita virati** abstinence from wrong livelihood

**ākāsānañcāyatana**, sphere of boundless space, the meditation subject of the first immaterial jhānacitta

**akiriya-diṭṭhi** The view that there is no such thing as kamma

**akusala citta** unwholesome consciousness

**akusala kamma** a bad deed

**akusala** unwholesome, unskilful

**alobha** non attachment, generosity

**alobha**, non attachment, generosity.

**āmisa dāna** the giving of material things

**amoha** wisdom or understanding

**an-aññātaññassāmī ‘t’indriya** I-shall-come-to-know-the-unknown” faculty, arising at the moment of the magga-citta of the sotāpanna

**anāgāmī** non returner, person who has reached the third stage of enlightenment, he has no aversion (dosa)

**ānanda** the chief attendant of the Buddha

**anantara-paccaya** proximity-condition

**anantarika kamma** heinous crimes

**anattā** not self

**anicca** impermanence.

**Aññamañña-paccaya** mutuality-condition

**aññasamānācetasikas** Añña means “other” and samānā means “common”, the same. The aññasamānās which arise together are of the same jāti as the citta they accompany and they all change, become “other”, as they accompany a citta of a different jāti. Akusala is “other” than kusala and kusala is “other” than akusala.

**aññātāvindriya** The final knower faculty, arising at the moment of the phala-citta of the arahat

**aññindriya** The faculty of final knowledge , which arises at the moment of the phala-citta, fruition-consciousness, of the sotāpanna, and also accompanies the magga-citta and the phala-citta of the sakadāgāmī and of the anāgāmī and the magga-citta of the arahat

**anottappa** recklessness

**anudhamma** in conformity with the Dhamma

**anuloma** conformity or adaptation.

**anumodhanā** thanksgiving, appreciation of someone else’s kusala

**anupādisesa nibbāna**, final nibbāna, without the khandhas (aggregates or groups of existence) remaining, at the death of an arahat.

**anusayas** latent tendency or proclivity

**apo-dhātu** element of water or cohesion.

**appanā** absorption.

**arahat** noble person who has attained the fourth and last stage of enlightenment

**ārammaṇa** object which is known by consciousness.

**ariyan** noble person who has attained enlightenment

**arūpa-bhūmi** plane of arūpa citta

**arūpa-brahma plane** plane of existence attained as a result of arūpa-jhāna. There are no sense impressions, no rūpa experienced in this realm.

**arūpa-jhāna** immaterial absorption

**arūpāvacara citta** arūpa jhāna citta, consciousness of immaterial jhāna

**asaññā-satta plane** plane where there is only rūpa, not nāma

**asaṅkhārika** unprompted, not induced, either by oneself or by someone else

**asaṅkhata dhamma** unconditioned reality, nibbāna

**asappurisa** a bad man

**āsavas** influxes or intoxicants, group of defilements

**āsevana-paccaya** repetition-condition

**asobhana** not beautiful, not accompanied by beautiful roots.

**asubha** foul.

**asura** demon, being of one of the unhappy planes of existence

**atīta-bhavanga** past life-continuum, arising and falling away shortly before the start of a process of cittas experiencing an object through one of the sense-doors

**attavādupādāna** clinging to personality belief

**Atthasālinī** The Expositor, a commentary to the first book of the Abhidhamma Piṭaka

**atthi-paccaya** presence-condition

**āvajjana**, adverting of consciousness to the object which has impinged on one of the six doors.

**Avigata-paccaya** non-disappearance-condition

**avihiósa** the thought of non-harming

**avijjā** ignorance

**avijjāsava** the canker of ignorance

**avijjogha** the flood of ignorance

**avyāpāda** the thought of non-malevolence

**ayoniso manasikāra** unwise attention to an object

**balas** powers, strengths

**bhaṅga khaṇa** dissolution moment of citta

**bhava-taṇhā** craving for existence

**bhāvanā** mental development, comprising the development of calm and the development of insight

**bhavanga calana** vibrating bhavanga arising shortly before a process of cittas experiencing an object through one of the six doors

**bhavanga-citta** life-continuum

**bhavangupaccheda** arrest bhavanga, last bhavanga-citta before a process of cittas starts

**bhavogha** the flood of desire for rebirth

**bhikkhu** monk

**bhikkhunī** nun

**bhūmi** existence or plane of citta

**bodhisatta** a being destined to become a Buddha

**bojjhangas** factors of enlightenmen&#x74;**,\</o:p>**

**Brahma** heavenly being born in the Brahma world, as a result of the attainment of jhāna

**brahma-vihāras** the four divine abidings, meditation subjects which are: loving kindness, compassion, sympathetic joy, equanimity

**brahmavihāra-upekkhā** equanimity, one of the “divine abidings”

**Buddha** a fully enlightened person who has discovered the truth all by himself, without the aid of a teacher

**Buddhaghosa** the greatest of Commentators on the Tipiṭaka, author of the Visuddhimagga in 5 A.D

**cakkhu** eye

**cakkhu-dhātu** eye element

**cakkhu-dvāra** eyedoor

**cakkhu-dvārāvajjana-citta** eye-door-adverting-consciousness.

**cakkhu-samphassa** eye contact

**cakkhu-vatthu** eye-base

**cakkhu-viññāṇa** seeing-consciousness

**cakkhuppasāda rūpa**, rūpa which is the organ of eyesense, capable of receiving visible object.

**cakkhuppasāda-rūpa** eye-sense

**cetanā** volition

**chanda** “wish to do”

**citta** consciousness the reality which knows or cognizes an object

**citta-kammaññatā** wieldiness of citta

**citta-lahutā** lightness of citta

**citta-mudutā** pliancy of citta

**citta-pāguññatā** proficiency of citta

**citta-passaddhi** tranquillity of mind

**citta-ujukatā** uprightness of citta

**citta**, consciousness, the reality which knows or cognizes an object.

**cuti** dying

**cuti-citta** dying-consciousness

**dāna** generosity, giving

**dassana-kicca** function of seeing.

**deva** heavenly being

**dhamma** reality, truth, the teachings

**dhamma-dhātu**, element of dhammas, realities, comprising cetasikas, subtle rūpas, nibbāna.

**dhamma-vicaya** investigation of Dhamma

**Dhammanudhamma paṭipatti** the practice of the Dhamma in conformity with the Dhamma (anudhamma)

**dhammārammaṇa**, all objects other than the sense objects which can be experienced through the five sense-doors, thus, objects which can be experienced only through the mind-door.

**Dhammasangaṇi** the first book of the Abhidhamma Piṭaka

**dhammavicaya** investigation of the Dhamma

**Dhātukathā**, Discussion on the Elements, the third book of the Abhidhamma.

**diṭṭhāsava** canker of wrong view

**diṭṭhi** wrong view, distorted view of realities

**diṭṭhigata sampayutta** accompanied by wrong view

**diṭṭhigata-vippayutta** attachment which is dissociated from wrong view

**diṭṭhogha** the flood of wrong view

**diṭṭhupādāna** clinging to wrong view

**domanassa** unpleasant feeling

**dosa** aversion or ill will

**dosa-mūla-citta** citta (consciousness) rooted in aversion

**dukkha** suffering, unsatisfactoriness of conditioned realities

**dukkha vedanā** painful feeling or unpleasant feeling

**dvāra** doorway through which an object is experienced, the five sense-doors or the mind door

**dvi-pañca-viññāṇa** the five pairs of sense-cognitions, which are seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting and body-consciousness. Of each pair one is kusala vipāka and one akusala vipāka

**ekaggatā** concentration, one-pointedness, a cetasika which has the function to focus on one object

**ganthas** bonds, a group of defilements

**ghāna-dhātu**, nose element.

**ghāna-viññāṇa** smelling-consciousness.

**ghānappasāda** rūpa\*\* rūpa which is the organ of smelling sense, capable of receiving odour.

**Ghāyana-kicca** function of smelling.

**gotrabhū** change of lineage, the last citta of the sense-sphere before jhāna, absorption, is attained, or enlightenment is attained

**hadaya-vatthu** heart-base, rūpa which is the plane of origin of the cittas other than the sense-cognitions.

**hasituppāda-citta** smile producing consciousness of an arahat

**hetu** root, which conditions citta to be “beautiful” or unwholesome

**hiri** moral shame

**hiriyati** scruples

**idaṃ-saccābhinivesa kāyagantha** the bodily tie of dogmatism

**idaṃ-saccābhinivesa** the tie of dogmatism

**iddhipādas** four “Roads to Success”

**indriya** faculty. Some are rūpas such as the sense organs, some are nāmas such as feeling. Five ‘spiritual faculties’ are wholesome faculties which should be cultivated, namely: confidence, energy, awareness, concentration and wisdom.

**indriya-paccaya** faculty-condition

**indriya**, faculty.

**issā** envy

**jāti** birth, nature, class (of cittas)

**javana** impulsion, running through the object

**javana-citta** cittas which ‘run through the object’, kusala citta or akusala citta in the case of non-arahats

**jhāna** absorption which can be attained through the development of calm

**jhāna factors** cetasikas which have to be cultivated for the attainment of jhāna: vitakka, vicāra, pīti, sukha, samādhi

**jhāna-cittas** absorption consciousness attained through the development of calm

**jhāna-paccaya** jhāna-condition

**jhāna**, absorption which can be attained through the development of calm

**jinhā-dhātu** tongue element

**jinhāppasāda rūpa** rūpa which is the organ of tasting sense, capable of receiving flavour

**jivhā-viññāṇa** tasting-consciousness

**jīvitindriya** life-faculty or vitality

**kalyāṇa-mitta** good friend in Dhamma

**kāma-bhūmi** sensuous plane of existence

**kāma-sobhana cittas** beautiful cittas of the sense sphere

**kāma-taṇhā** sensuous craving

**kāma-vitakka** thought of sense-pleasures

**kāma** sensual enjoyment or the five sense objects.

**kāmacchandha** sensuous desire.

**kāmāvacara cittas** cittas of the sense sphere

**kāmāvacara sobhana cittas** beautiful cittas of the sense sphere

**kamma** intention or volition; deed motivated by volition

**kamma patha** course of action performed through body, speech or mind which can be wholesome or unwholesome

**kamma-paccaya** kamma-condition

**Kammassakatāñāṇa** understanding of the specific nature of kamma as ‘one’s own’

**kāmogha** the flood of sensuous desire

**kāmupādāna** sensuous clinging

**karuṇā** compassion

**kasiṇa** disk, used as an object for the development of calm

**kāya** body. It can also stand for the ‘mental body’, the cetasikas

**kāya dhātu** the element of bodysense

**kāya-duccarita virati** abstinence from wrong action

**kāya-ujukatā** uprightness of cetasika

**kāya-viññatti** bodily intimation, such as gestures, facial expression, etc.

**kāya-viññāṇa** body-consciousness

**kāyappasāda rūpa** bodysense, the rūpa which is capable of receiving tangible object. It is all over the body, inside or outside

**khandhas** aggregates of conditioned realities classified as five groups: physical phenomena, feelings, perception or remembrance, activities or formations (cetasikas other than feeling or perception), consciousness.

**khanti** patience

**kicca** function

**kilesa** defilements

**kiriya citta** inoperative citta, neither cause nor result

**kukkucca** regret or worry

**kusala citta** wholesome consciousness

**kusala kamma** a good deed

**kusala** wholesome, skilful

**lakkhaṇaṃ** characteristic, specific or generic attribute

**lobha** attachment, greed

**lobha-mūla-citta** consciousness rooted in attachment

**lokiya citta** citta which is mundane, not experiencing nibbāna

**lokuttara citta** supramundane citta which experiences nibbāna

**lokuttara dhammas** the unconditioned dhamma which is nibbāna and the cittas which experience nibbāna

**macchariya** stinginess

**magga** path (eightfold Path)

**magga-citta** path consciousness, supramundane citta which experiences nibbāna and eradicates defilements.

**magga-paccaya** path-condition

**mahākiriyacitta** inoperative sense-sphere citta of the arahat, accompanied by “beautiful” roots.

**mahāvipākacitta** citta of the sense sphere which is result, accompanied by “beautiful” roots.

**mahā-bhūta-rūpas**, the rūpas which are the four great elements of “earth” or solidity, “water” or cohesion, “fire” or temperature, and “wind” or motion.

**mahā-kusalacitta** wholesome citta of the sense sphere

**mahā-satipaṭṭhāna**, four applications of mindfulness, see satipaṭṭhāna

**mahā-vipassanā** “principal insight”

**manasikāra** attention

**manāyatana**, mind-base.

**mano-dhātu** mind-element, comprising the five-sense-door adverting-consciousness, and the two types of receiving-consciousness

**mano-dvāra-vīthi-cittas**, cittas arising in a mind-door process.

**mano-dvārāvajjana-citta** mind-door-adverting-consciousness

**mano-viññāna-dhātu** mind-consciousness element, comprising all cittas other than the sense-cognitions (seeing, etc.) and mind-element

**mano** mind, citta, consciousness

**māra** “the evil one”—all that leads to dukkha

**mettā** loving kindness

**micchā-diṭṭhi** wrong view

**micchā-samādhi** wrong concentration

**middha** torpor or languor

**moha** ignorance

**moha-mūla-cittas** cittas rooted in ignorance

**muditā** sympathetic joy

**n’eva-saññā-n’āsaññāyatana**, sphere of neither perception nor non-perception, the meditation subject of the fourth immaterial jhāna.

**nāma kkhandha** group of all mental phenomena

nāma mental phenomena,including those which are conditioned and also the unconditioned nāma which is nibbāna.

**nāma** mental phenomena,including those which are conditioned and also the unconditioned nāma which is nibbāna.

**nāma-rūpa pariccheda-ñāṇa** first stage of insight, insight knowledge of the distinction between mental phenomena and physical phenomena

**natthi-paccaya** absence-condition

**natthika diṭṭhi** wrong view of annihilation, assumption that there is no result of kamma

**ñāṇa sampayutta** accompanied by paññā; ñāṇa means paññā.

**ñāṇa vippayutta** unaccompanied by paññā

**ñāṇa** wisdom, insight

**nekkhamma** thought of renunciation

**nibbāna** unconditioned reality, the reality which does not arise and fall away. The destruction of lust, hatred and delusion. The deathless. The end of suffering

**nimitta** mental image one can acquire of a meditation subject in tranquil meditation

**nirodha-samāpatti**, attainment of cessation of consciousness.

**nissaya-paccaya** dependence-condition

**nīvaraṇa** hindrances, a group of defilements

**oghas** group of defilements, the floods

**oḷārika rūpas** gross rūpas (sense objects and sense organs)

**ojā** the rūpa which is nutrition

**ottappa** fear of blame

**paccaya-pariggaha-ñāṇa** discerning the Conditions of Nāma and Rūpa

**paccayas** conditions

**Pacceka Buddha** silent Buddha, an enlightened one who has found the truth by himself but does not proclaim Dhamma to the world

**pacchājāta-paccaya** postnascence-condition

**paccupaṭṭhāna** manifestation, appearance or effect

**padaṭṭhānaṃ** proximate cause

**paṭibhāganimitta** counterpart image, more perfected mental image of a meditation subject, acquired in tranquil meditation

**paṭicca sammuppada** ‘Dependent Origination’, the conditional origination of phenomena

**paṭigha**, aversion or ill will.

**Paṭṭhāna** Conditional Relations, one of the seven books of the Abhidhamma

**paṭisandhi citta** rebirth consciousness

**paṭisandhi** rebirth

**pakiṇṇakā** the particulars

**Pāli** the language of the Buddhist teachings

**pañcadvārāvajjana-citta** five-sense-door-adverting-consciousness

**pañcaviññāṇa** (or dvi-pañcaviññāṇa), the sense cognitions (seeing etc.) of which there five pairs.

**paññā**, wisdom or understanding.

**paññatti** concepts, conventional terms

**paramattha dhamma**, truth in the absolute sense: mental and physical phenomena, each with their own characteristic.

**Paramattha Mañjūsā** a commentary to the Visuddhimagga

**pāramīs** the ten perfections, generosity, dāna, morality, sīla, renunciation, nekkhamma, wisdom, paññā, energy, viriya, patience, khanti, truthfulness, sacca, determination, adiṭṭhāna, loving-kindness, mettā, equanimity, upekkhā

**parikamma** preparatory consciousness, the first javanacitta arising in the process during which absorption or enlightenment is attained

**pasāda-rūpas** rūpas which are capable of receiving sense-objects such as visible object, sound, taste, etc.

**passaddhi** calm

**patisanthāro** courtesy

**peta** ghost

**phala-citta** fruition consciousness experiencing nibbāna. It is result of magga-citta, path-consciosness.

**phassa** contact

**phoṭṭhabbārammaṇa** tangible object, experienced through bodysense

**phusana kicca** function of experiencing tangible object

**pīti**, joy, rapture, enthusiasm.

**Puggalapaññatti**, Designation of Human Types, the fourth book of the Abhidhamma.

**puñña-kiriya-vatthus** “ten bases of meritorious deeds”

**purejāta-paccaya** prenascence-condition

**puthujjana** “worldling”, a person who has not attained enlightenment

**rāga** greed

**Rāhula**, the Buddha’s son.

**rasa** function or achievement

**rasārammaṇa** object of flavour

**rūpa** physical phenomena, realities which do not experience anything

**rūpa-brahma plane or rūpa-bhūmi** fine material realm of existence attained as a result of rūpa-jhāna

**rūpa-jhāna** fine material absorption, developed with a meditation subject which is still dependant on materiality

**rūpa-jīvitindriya** a kind of rūpa produced by kamma and it maintains the life of the other rūpas it arises together with rūpa-khandha aggregate or group of all physical phenomena (rūpas)

**rūpa-khandha** aggregate or group of all physical phenomena (rūpas)

**rūpārammaṇa** visible object

**rūpāvacara citta** type of jhāna citta

**rūpāvacara cittas** ūpa-jhānacittas, consciosness of the fine-material sphere

**sa-upādi-sesa nibbāna** arahatship with the khandhas remaining, thus not final nibbāna at death of an arahat

**sabbacitta-sādhāranā** the seven cetasikas which have to arise with every citta

**sadda dāna** the gift of sounds (should be understood by way of the sounds of drums, etc.)

**saddārammaṇa**, sound.

**saddhā** confidence

**sahagata** accompanied by

**sahajāta-paccaya** conascence-condition

**sahetuka** accompanied by roots

**sakadāgāmī** once-returner, a noble person who has attained the second stage of enlightenment

**sakkāya diṭṭhi** wrong view of personality, wrong view about the khandhas

samādhi concentration or one-pointedness, ekaggatā cetasika

**samādhi** concentration or one-pointedness, ekaggatā cetasika

**samādhi-bhāvanā** the development of concentration

**samanantara-paccaya** contiguity-condition

**samañña lakkhaṇa** general characteristics common to all conditioned realities

**samatha** the development of calm

**sambojjhanga** seven factors of enlightenment

**sammā** right

**sammā-diṭṭhi** right understanding

**sammā-samādhi** right concentration

**sammā-sambuddha** a universal Buddha, a fully enlightened person who has discovered the truth all by himself, without the aid of a teacher and who can proclaim the Truth to others beings

**sammā-saṅkappa** right thinking of the eightfold Path

**sammā-sati** right mindfulness

**sammā-vāyāma** right mindfulness of the eightfold Path

**sampaṭicchana-citta** receiving-consciousness

**sampajañña** discrimination, comprehension

**sampayutta** associated with

**sampayutta dhammas** associated dhammas, citta and cetasika which arise together

**sampayutta-paccaya** association-condition

**Sangha** community of monks and nuns. As one of the triple Gems it means the community of those people who have attained enlightenment

**sankhata or saṅkhāra dhamma** conditioned dhamma

**saññā** memory, remembrance or “perception”

**saññā-kkhandha** memory classified as one of the five khandhas

**santīraṇa-citta** investigating-consciousness

**saṅkāra dhamma** conditioned dhamma

**saṅkhāra-kkhandha**, all cetasikas (mental factors) except feeling and memory.

**saṅkhāradhamma** conditioned realities

**saósāra** the cycle of birth and death

**saóvega** a sense of spiritual urgency

**sappurisa** good man

**Sāriputta** The First chief disciple of the Buddha

**sasaṅkhārika** prompted, induced, instigated, either by oneself or someone else

**sati** awareness, non-forgetfulness, awareness of reality by direct experience

**satipaṭṭhāna** applicatioms of mindfulness. It can mean the cetasika sati which is aware of realities or the objects of mindfulness which are classified as four applications of mindfulness: Body, Feeling Citta, Dhamma. Or it can mean the development of direct understanding of realities through awareness.

**satipaṭṭhāna sutta** Middle Length Sayings 1, number 10, also Dīgha Nikāya, dialogues 11, no. 22;

**savana-kicca** function of hearing

**sāyana-kicca** function of tasting

**saṃyojanas** The Fetters, a group of defilements

**sīla** morality in action or speech, virtue

**sīlabbata-parāmāsā** wrong practice

**sīlabbatupādāna** wrong practice, which is clinging to certain rules (“rites and rituals”) in one’s practice

**sobhana (citta and cetasika)** beautiful, accompanied by beautiful roots

**sobhana hetus** beautiful roots

**sobhana kiriyacittas** kiriyacittas accompanied by sobhana (beautiful) roots

**sobhana kiriyacittas**, kiriyacittas accompanied by sobhana (beautiful) roots

**somanassa** happy feeling

**sota-dhātu** element of earsense

**sota-dvāra-vīthi-cittas** ear-door process cittas

**sota-dvārāvajjana-citta** ear-door-adverting-consciousness

**sotāpanna** person who has attained the first stage of enlightenment, and who has eradicated wrong view of realities

**soto-viññāṇa**, hearing-consciousness.

**sukha** happy, pleasant

**sukha-vedanā** pleasant feeling

**sukhuma**, subtle.

**sutta** part of the scriptures containing dialogues at different places on different occasions..

**suttanta** a sutta text

**tadālambana** retention or registering, last citta of a complete process of the sense-sphere

**tadārammaṇa-cittas** registering-consciousness

**tadārammaṇa** as above

**taruṇa vipassanā** “tender insight”

**Tathāgata** literally “thus gone”, epithet of the Buddha

**tatramajjhattatā** equanimity or evenmindedness

**tejo-dhātu** element of fire or heat

**Theravāda Buddhism** ‘Doctrine of the Elders’, the oldest tradition of Buddhism

**thīna** sloth

**tiṭṭhi khaṇa** the moment of its presence, or static moment of citta

**Tipiṭaka** the teachings of the Buddha

**titthi khaṇa** static moment of citta

**Udāna** Verses of Uplift from the Minor Anthologies

**uddhacca** restlessness

**uddhambhāgiya-saṃyojana** five higher fetters which tie beings to the higher planes of existance the rūpa-brahma planes and the arūpa-brahma planes

**ujupatipanno** the straight, true and proper way

**upacāra** access or proximatory consciousness, the second javana-citta in the process in which absorption or enlightenment is attained

**upacāra-samādhi** access-concentration

**upādā-rūpa**, “derived rūpas” the rūpas other than the four Great Elements.

**upādāna** clinging

**upādānakkhandhas** khandhas of clinging

**upanissaya-paccaya** decisive support-condition

**upekkhā** indifferent feeling. It can stand for evenmindedness or equanimity and then it is not feeling

**Uposatha** Uposatha days are days of fasting or vigil; uposatha is observed on the days of full-moon and new-moon, and sometimes also on the days of the first and last moon-quarter. In Buddhist countries there is a tradition for lay-followers to visit temples and to observe eight precepts on these days

**uppāda khaṇa** the arising moment of citta

**vaci-duccarita virati** abstinence from wrong speech

**vacīviññatti** the rūpa which is speech intimation

**vāsanā** disagreeable habits accumulated in the past that can only be eradicated by a Buddha. Even arahats who have eradicated all defilements may still have a way of speech or action that is not agreeable to others

**vatthu** base, physical base of citta

**vāyo-dhātu** element of wind or motion

**vedanā** feeling

**vedanā-kkhandha** group of all feelings

**Vibhaṅga** “Book of Analysis”, one of the seven books of the Abhidhamma

**vibhava-taṇhā** craving for non-existence

**vicāra** sustained thinking or discursive thinking

**vicikicchā** doubt

**vigata-paccaya** disappearance-condition

**vihiósā-vitakka** thought of harming

**vinaya** Book of Discipline for the monks

**viññāṇa** consciousness, citta

**viññāṇa-dhātu**, element of consciousness, comprising all cittas.

**viññāṇa-kkhandha** all cittas (consciousness)

**viññāṇañcāyatana** sphere of boundless consciousness, meditation subject for the second stage of immaterial jhāna

**vipāka-paccaya** vipāka-condition

**vipākacitta**, citta which is the result of a wholesome deed (kusala kamma) or an unwholesome deed (akusala kamma). It can arise as rebirth-consciousness, or during life as the experience of pleasant or unpleasant objects through the senses, such as seeing, hearing, etc.

**vipallāsas** perversions. Three kinds: saññā perversion of perception, citta of thought, diṭṭhi of views

**vipassanāñāṇa** moment of insight knowledge

**vipassanā** wisdom which sees realities as they are

**vippayutta-paccaya** dissociation-condition

**vippayutta** dissociated from

**viriya** energy

**visaṇkāra dhamma** unconditioned dhamma (reality)

**Visuddhimagga** an encyclopaedia of the Buddha’s teaching, written by Buddhaghosa in the fifth century A.D

**vitakka** applied thinking

**vīthi-cittas** cittas arising in a process

**vīthimutta-cittas** process freed cittas, cittas which do not arise within a process

**votthapana-citta** determining consciousness.

**vyāpāda** ill-will

**vyāpāda-vitakka** thought of malevolence

**Yamaka** the Book of Pairs, the sixth book of the Abhidhamma

**yoghas** The yokes, a group of defilements